Would Honchkrow GX's "Ruler of the Night" Ability prevent me from using Charjabug's "Battery" Ability to attach it to Vikavolt as an Energy card?
Yes it would prevent that because Charjabug would be a Special Energy card being played from your hand.
BatteryRuler of the Night
Source: Unbroken Bonds FAQ (2019-04-19), TPCi Rules Team (2019-05-02)May 2, 2019Compendium → If I use Charjabug's "Battery" ability, is that an extra Energy card attachment or does it count as my one attachment for the turn?
It is an extra Energy attachment. You still get to attach one other Energy card as your normal attachment for the turn.
Battery
Source: TPCi Rules Team (2019-05-02)May 2, 2019Compendium →